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Clear, sourced explainers for the main fertility treatments — what they involve, who they can help, and the risks to understand.
Treatment
Egg freezing collects and freezes unfertilised eggs so they can be stored and used later. People choose it for medical reasons, such as before certain cancer treatments, or to keep open the option of a future pregnancy. Eggs are usually frozen by vitrification (ultra-fast freezing).
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Treatment
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a treatment where eggs are collected from the ovaries and combined with sperm in a laboratory. If fertilisation is successful, one or more resulting embryos can be transferred to the uterus. A full cycle usually takes about three to six weeks.
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Treatment
ICSI is a form of IVF where an embryologist injects a single sperm directly into each egg in the laboratory. It is mainly used when there are concerns about sperm number, movement, or shape, or after previous fertilisation problems. Every other stage is the same as standard IVF.
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Treatment
Intrauterine insemination (IUI), also called artificial insemination, places prepared sperm directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. It is a less invasive, lower-cost option than IVF and is used in specific situations, including with donor sperm.
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