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How fertility care is organised, regulated, and funded varies a lot by country and city. These guides give context to help you plan.
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In Australia, fertility clinics are accredited through the Reproductive Technology Accreditation Committee (RTAC), ethical guidance comes from the NHMRC, and legislation is set at state and territory level. Medicare provides a partial subsidy for eligible treatment.
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Belgium is a well-established provider of fertility treatment, including donor programmes. Oversight is federal, combining the public health service's care-programme standards with a College of Physicians, and partial reimbursement is available through the national insurance system.
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In Canada, the federal Assisted Human Reproduction Act is administered by Health Canada, while clinical practice and clinic operation are regulated provincially. Public funding varies widely between provinces, and there is no single national public register of clinics.
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The Czech Republic is a well-known destination for fertility treatment. IVF centres are authorised and listed as tissue establishments by the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL), and statutory health insurance covers a limited number of cycles for eligible patients.
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Denmark provides fertility treatment through public clinics and private clinics. Assisted-reproduction facilities are supervised and registered by the Danish Patient Safety Authority (STPS) under the Act on Assisted Reproduction.
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In France, assisted reproduction (AMP) is overseen by the Agence de la biomédecine, with regional health agencies authorising clinics. The Agence publishes a public directory of authorised centres, and treatment is broadly covered by public health insurance for eligible patients.
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In Germany, fertility treatment is shaped by the federal Embryo Protection Act, with physician authorisation enforced by state medical associations and reimbursement scope set nationally. There is no single national IVF licensing authority, and the well-known IVF register reports outcomes rather than licensing clinics.
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Greece is a well-established destination for fertility treatment. Medically assisted reproduction units are licensed and inspected by the National Authority of Medically Assisted Reproduction (EAIYA), which publishes a public register of licensed units.
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India regulates assisted reproduction under the ART (Regulation) Act 2021. Clinics and banks must register on the National ART and Surrogacy Registry, which publishes a public, searchable list. Care is largely private and paid out-of-pocket.
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Fertility care in Ireland is delivered through publicly funded HSE fertility hubs and private clinics. Fertility centres are currently regulated as tissue establishments by the HPRA, while a dedicated regulator (AHRRA) is being established under the 2024 Act.
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Israel has among the most generous public funding for IVF worldwide. The Ministry of Health licenses and inspects IVF units, which by regulation operate within recognised hospitals, and publicly funded treatment is broadly available to eligible patients.
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In Italy, medically assisted reproduction (PMA) is governed by national law with guidelines set by the Ministry of Health, a national register hosted by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), and clinic authorisation administered by the regions.
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In Japan, assisted reproduction is governed largely by the professional guidelines of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG), which registers facilities and runs a public facility search. Since 2022, IVF and ICSI have been covered under public health insurance.
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London has a high concentration of both NHS and private fertility clinics. Access to NHS-funded treatment still follows local Integrated Care Board rules. Provider profiles listed here are fictional development fixtures until real, verified clinics are added.
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In the Netherlands, running an IVF laboratory requires a licence from the Ministry of Health (VWS) under the Special Medical Procedures Act, and the government publishes a list of licence holders. The health inspectorate (IGJ) supervises quality and safety.
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In New Zealand, assisted reproduction is governed under the HART Act 2004 through advisory and ethics committees (ACART and ECART), with clinics accredited via RTAC. Public funding is available through Health New Zealand, subject to clinical priority criteria.
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In South Africa, practitioners are regulated by the HPCSA and artificial-fertilisation regulations sit under the National Health Act. The professional society SASREG accredits ART units and publishes a list. Care is largely private or via medical-aid schemes.
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Spain is one of Europe's largest providers of fertility treatment. Oversight is shared between the Ministry of Health, its advisory commission (CNRHA), and the autonomous communities, which authorise individual clinics. A national activity and results register is run by the SEF.
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Sweden provides fertility treatment through its publicly funded regional healthcare system and private clinics. IVF may only be carried out at public hospitals or private clinics holding a permit from the Health and Social Care Inspectorate (IVO).
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Fertility care in the United Kingdom is regulated by the HFEA, which licenses clinics and keeps a public register. Treatment is available through both the NHS and private clinics, and eligibility for NHS-funded treatment is decided locally, so it varies by area.
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In the United States, fertility care is delivered mainly through private clinics. Insurance coverage varies by state and employer, and clinics report treatment outcomes to the CDC, which publishes standardised national success-rate data.
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